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Discovery of Fuling Shale Gas Field and its prospects

Xusheng GUO, Yuping LI, Jinlei LI, Minggang FENG, Hua DUAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第2期   页码 354-366 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0581-z

摘要： A series of breakthroughs have been made in the understanding, evaluation, and exploration of shale gas from discovery, environmental protection to efficient exploration in the discovering of Fuling Gas Field. By revealing the positive correlation between organic carbon content and siliceous mineral content of shale deposited in deep shelf, dynamic preservation mechanism of “early retention and late deformation,” it is clarified that the shales deposited in deep shelf are the most favorable for shale gas generation, storage and fracturing. The preserving conditions determine the levels of shale gas accumulation, thus the evaluation concept of taking the quality of the shale as the base and the preserving conditions as key is proposed, the evaluation system for strategic selection of favorable zones is established for marine shale gas exploration in Southern China. Moreover, the “sweet point” seismic forecasting technologies for marine shale gas, the “six properties” logging technologies for evaluating shale gas layers, the technologies for quick and efficient drilling of horizontal well groups, and the fracturing technologies for composite fractures for horizontal wells are invented. The paper discussed the exploration prospect of shale gas in the shales of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in great depth in Sichuan Basin, shale gas exploration in the outer region of the south, and continental shale gas exploration in China.

关键词： shale gas     accumulation laws     exploration technologies     Longmaxi Formation     Fuling Shale Gas Field     Sichuan Basin    

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Genotype variations in accumulation of cadmium and lead in celery (

Kun ZHANG, Jianbing WANG, Zhongyi YANG, Guorong XIN, Jiangang YUAN, Junliang XIN, Charlie HUANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 85-96 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0399-3

摘要： To help reduce risks of heavy metal pollution, two pot experiments were conducted to investigate the variations, transfer potential, and stability of Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) accumulations in celery ( L.) and to screen for low Cd and Pb accumulative cultivars. The maximum differences in shoot Cd concentration were 4.7-fold under low-Cd exposure and 3.3-fold under high-Cd exposure. These genotype variations in Cd accumulation are sufficiently large to help reduce Cd contamination risk in soil by using the Low-Cd-Accumulative genotypes. Cd accumulation of the Low-Cd-Accumulative genotypes is significantly positive correlated with Pb accumulation. Evidence obtained proves that Cd and Pb accumulations in celery are stable and genotype-dependent at the cultivar level. The presence of high-Pb contamination in soil promoted Cd accumulation in shoots of celery. Celery is considered a species with high risks in Cd pollution and low risks in Pb pollution. Among the tested cultivars, cv. Shuanggangkangbing (SGKB) had the lowest shoot Cd and Pb accumulating abilities, and thus is the most important material for breeding of pollution-safe cultivars (PSCs) to minimize Cd and Pb accumulations in celery.

关键词： cadmium (Cd) accumulation     lead (Pb) accumulation     celery     genotype variation     food safety    

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Initiation and propagation laws of the glass cracks in specimens subjected to normal loading under the

WAN Zhen-ping, LIU Ya-jun, TANG Yong, YE Bang-yan

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年 第1卷 第2期   页码 194-198 doi: 10.1007/s11465-005-0011-x

摘要： With more and more applications of glass in advanced fields of science, the demand for glass machining precision has increased greatly. More and more attention is being paid to glass cutting because precise glass parts with various shapes can be obtained at high efficiency and low cost. To improve the machining precision of part surfaces and to facilitate tool design and cutting parameter selection, the initiation and propagation laws of glass cracks in specimens subjected to normal loading by symmetric wedges were investigated. Research results show that initiation and propagation laws are the same with interior symmetric wedge angles of 30o-120o, while the laws are different with interior symmetric wedge angles equal to or more than "e150o. The relationship between medial crack length and normal loading was also investigated when specimens were indented by symmetrical wedges with interior angles of 30o-120o.

关键词： different     30o-120o     relationship     initiation     cutting parameter    

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Comparison of growth and lipid accumulation properties of two oleaginous microalgae under different nutrient

Qiao ZHANG,Yu HONG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第5期   页码 703-709 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0649-x

摘要： This study compared the growth and lipid accumulation properties of two oleaginous microalgae, namely, sp. LX1 and sp. HQ, under different nutrient conditions. Both algal species obtained the highest biomass, lipid content and lipid yield under low-nutrient conditions (mBG11 medium). The biomass, lipid content and lipid yield of sp. LX1 were 0.42 g·L , 22.5% and 93.8 mg·L , respectively. These values were relatively higher than those of sp. HQ (0.30 g·L , 17.1% and 51.3 mg·L , respectively). These algae were then cultivated in an SE medium that contained more nutrients; as a result, the biomass and lipid yield of sp. LX1 reduced more significantly than those of sp. HQ. Opposite results were observed in lipid and triacylglycerols (TAGs) contents. The cell sizes of both algal species under low-nutrient conditions were larger than those under high-nutrient conditions. sp. HQ cells did not aggregate, but sp. LX1 cells flocculated easily, particularly under low-nutrient conditions. In summary, low-nutrient conditions favour the growth and lipid production of both algae, but sp. LX1 outperforms sp. HQ.

关键词： Scenedesmus sp. LX1     Chlorella sp. HQ     growth rate     algal biomass     lipid accumulation     triacylglycerols (TAGs)    

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Erratum to: Meter-scale variation within a single transect demands attention to taxon accumulation curves

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1560-5

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Meter-scale variation within a single transect demands attention to taxon accumulation curves in riverine

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1543-6

摘要：

● Riverine microbiomes exhibited hyperlocal variation within a single transect.

关键词： Microbiome     Freshwater     Taxon accumulation curve     Community assembly    

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Experimental study of nitrite accumulation in pre-denitrification biological nitrogen removal process

WU Xuelei, CHEN Lunqiang, PENG Yongzhen, WANG Pu, WANG Yayi

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第2期   页码 236-240 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0008-x

摘要： The effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration on nitrite accumulation was investigated in a pilot-scale pre-denitrification process at room temperature for 100 days. In the first 10 days, due to the instability of the system, the DO concentration fluctuated between 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L. In the next 14 days, the DO concentration was kept at 0.5 mg/L and nitrite accumulation occurred, with the average nitrite accumulation rate at 91%. From the 25th day, the DO concentration was increased to 2.0 mg/L to destroy the nitrite accumulation, but nitrite accumulation rate was still as high as 90%. From the 38th day the nitrite accumulation rate decreased to 15%–30% linearly. From the 50th day, DO concentration was decreased to 0.5 mg/L to resume nitrite accumulation. Until the 83rd day the nitrite accumulation rate began to increase to 80%. Dissolved oxygen was the main cause of nitrite accumulation, taking into account other factors such as pH, free ammonia concentration, temperature, and sludge retention time. Because of the different affinity for oxygen between nitrite oxidizing bacteria and ammonia oxidizing bacteria when DO concentration was kept at 0.5 mg/L, nitrite accumulation occurred.
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Simultaneous denitrifying phosphorus accumulation in a sequencing batch reactor

YUAN Linjiang, HAN Wei, WANG Lei, YANG Yongzhe, WANG Zhiying

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第1期   页码 23-27 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0004-6

摘要： In order to achieve simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the biological treatment process, denitrifying phosphorus accumulation (DNPA) and its affecting factors were studied in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with synthetic wastewater. The results showed that when acetate was used as the sole carbon resource in the influent, the sludge acclimatized under anaerobic/aerobic operation had good phosphorus removal ability. Denitrifying phosphorus accumulation was observed soon when fed with nitrate instead of aeration following the anaerobic stage, which is a vital premise to DNPA. If DNPA sludge is fed with nitrate prior to the anaerobic stage, the DNPA would weaken or even disappear. At the high concentration of nitrate fed in the anoxic stage, the longer anoxic time needed, the better the DNPA was. Induced DNPA did not disappear even though an aerobic stage followed the anoxic stage, but the shorter the aerobic stage lasted, the higher the proportions of phosphorus removal via DNPA to total removal.

关键词： SBR     synthetic wastewater     Induced DNPA     resource     removal ability    

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Comparisons in subcellular and biochemical behaviors of cadmium between low-Cd and high-Cd accumulation

Meng XUE, Yihui ZHOU, Zhongyi YANG, Biyun LIN, Jiangang YUAN, Shanshan WU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 226-238 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0582-4

摘要： Subcellular distributions and chemical forms of cadmium (Cd) in the leaves, stems and roots were investigated in low-Cd accumulation cultivars and high-Cd accumulation cultivars of pakchoi ( L.). Root cell wall played a key role in limiting soil Cd from entering the protoplast, especially in the low-Cd cultivars. The high-Cd cultivars had significantly higher leaf and stem Cd concentrations than the low-Cd cultivars in cell wall fraction, chloroplast/trophoplast fraction, organelle fraction and soluble fraction. In low-Cd cultivars, which were more sensitive and thus had greater physiological needs of Cd detoxification than high-Cd cultivars, leaf vacuole sequestrated higher proportions of Cd. Cd in the form of pectate/protein complexes (extracted by 1 mol·L NaCl) played a decisive role in Cd translocation from root to shoot, which might be one of the mechanisms that led to the differences in shoot Cd accumulation between the two types of cultivars. Furthermore, the formation of Cd-phosphate complexes (extracted by 2% HAc) was also involved in Cd detoxification within the roots of pakchoi under high Cd stress, suggesting that the mechanisms of Cd detoxification might be different between low- and high-Cd cultivars.

关键词： cadmium (Cd)     low-Cd cultivar     pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)     subcellular distribution     chemical forms    

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Heavy metal accumulation and phytostabilization potential of dominant plant species growing on manganese

YANG Shengxiang,LIANG Shichu,YI Langbo,XU Bibo,CAO Jianbing,GUO Yifeng,ZHOU Yu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 394-404 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0602-4

摘要： Screening plants that are hypertolerant to and excluders of certain heavy metals plays a fundamental role in a remediation strategy for metalliferous mine tailings. A field survey of terrestrial higher plants growing on Mn mine tailings at Huayuan, Hunan Province, China was conducted to identify candidate species for application in phytostabilization of the tailings in this region. In total, 51 species belonging to 21 families were recorded and the 12 dominant plants were investigated for their potential in phytostabilization of heavy metals. Eight plant species, , , , , , , , and accumulated much lower concentrations of heavy metals in shoots and roots than the associated soils and bioconcentration factors (BFs) for Cd, Mn, Pb and Zn were all<1, demonstrating a high tolerance to heavy metals and poor metals translocation ability. The field investigation also found that these species grew fast, accumulated biomass rapidly and developed a vegetation cover in a relatively short time. Therefore, they are good candidates for phytostabilization purposes and could be used as pioneer species in phytoremediation of Mn mine tailings in this region of South China.

关键词： Mn mine tailings     heavy metal accumulation     phytostabilization    

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网络时代的三大基本定律与骨干网容量的演进

韦乐平

《中国工程科学》 2001年 第3卷 第5期   页码 12-16

摘要：

文章首先分析了新时期的巨大挑战及其对网络的深远影响，特别指出了网络面临的巨大容量压力。接下来分别就主宰网络时代的三个基本定律：摩尔定律、光纤定律和迈特卡尔夫定律的内涵、影响和技术极限进行了论述。最后探讨了骨干网传输链路、传送节点和业务节点的容量演进策略。

关键词： 网络     容量     骨干网    

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Cadmium tolerance and accumulation in fifteen wetland plant species from cadmium-polluted water in constructed

Jianguo LIU,Wen ZHANG,Peng QU,Mingxin WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第2期   页码 262-269 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0746-x

摘要： Variations in cadmium (Cd) tolerances and accumulations among fifteen wetland plant species in moderately (0.5 mg·L ) and heavily (1.0 mg·L ) Cd-polluted wastewaters were investigated in constructed wetlands. Cd removal efficiencies from the wastewaters were more than 90%, and 23.5% and 16.8% of the Cd in the water accumulated in wetland plants for 0.5 and 1.0 mg·L Cd treatments, respectively. The variations among the plant species were 29.4-fold to 48.7-fold in plant biomasses, 5.4-fold to 21.9-fold in Cd concentrations, and 13.8-fold to 29.6-fold in Cd accumulations. The plant species were also largely diversified in terms of Cd tolerance. Some species were tolerant of heavy Cd stress, and some others were sensitive to moderate Cd level. Four wetland plant species were selected for the treatment of Cd-polluted wastewater for their high Cd accumulating abilities and relative Cd tolerances. Plant Cd quantity accumulations are correlated positively and significantly ( <0.05) with plant biomasses and correlated positively but insignificantly ( >0.05) with plant Cd concentrations. The results indicate that the Cd accumulation abilities of wetland plant species are determined mainly by their biomasses and Cd tolerances in growth, which should be the first criteria in selecting wetland plant species for the treating Cd-polluted wastewaters. Cd concentration in the plants may be the second consideration.

关键词： cadmium (Cd)     wastewater treatment     wetland plant     selection     index    

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Cystine-assisted accumulation of gold nanoparticles on ZnO to construct a sensitive surface-enhanced

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期   页码 15-23 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2177-8

摘要： Recently, various semiconductor/metal composites have been developed to fabricate surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates. However, low metal loading on semiconductors is still a challenge. In this study, cystine was introduced to increase the accumulation of gold nanoparticles on zinc oxide, owing to the biomineralization property of cystine. Morphological analysis revealed that the obtained ZnO/Au/cystine composite not only had a higher metal loading but also formed a porous structure, which is beneficial for Raman performance. Compared with ZnO/Au, the ZnO/Au/cystine substrate displayed a 40-fold enhancement in the Raman signal and a lower limit of detection (10–11 mol·L−1) in the detection of rhodamine 6G. Moreover, the substrate has favorable homogeneity and stability. Finally, ZnO/Au/cystine displayed excellent performance toward crystal violet and methylene blue in a test based on river water samples. This study provided a promising method to fabricate sensitive semiconductor/noble metal-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates for Raman detection.

关键词： biomineralization     cystine     semiconductor/metal composite     SERS detection     Raman detection    

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Zero E-waste: Regulatory impediments and blockchain imperatives

Mengjun Chen, Oladele A. Ogunseitan

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1402-x

摘要： Abstract • Copyrights on electronic products are impediments in promoting circular economy. • Manufacturers antagonize refurbishment and remanufacturing to maximize profit. • International harmonization of copyright laws will aid repair and remanufacture. • Blockchain–digital immutable ledgers–can promote trust among stakeholders. The concept of zero waste is an ideal situation that will require different solutions for different categories of waste. Electronic waste (E-waste), the fastest growing category of solid hazardous waste presents various unique challenges. Electronic product repair, reuse and remanufacture (3re) are crucial for effective source reduction of E-waste and the integration of the electronics industry into a circular or zero-waste economy framework. Increasingly, 3re implementation is restricted by regulatory difficulties, particularly the invocation of copyright laws. Here, we use the examples of electronic printer cartridges and restored compact discs (CDs) to identify the challenges and to explore solutions for managing the risks associated with E-waste through circular economy and the opportunities presented by innovative Blockchain solutions. A set of international consensuses on judicial definitions, such as 3re, refurbish fake/counterfeit product and copyright exhaustion, are proposed to accelerate source reduction in E-waste management toward the goal of zero waste.

关键词： Blockchain     E-waste     Regulatory Policy     Copyright Laws     Repair-Reuse-Remanufacture     Toxicity    

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Identification of pakchoi cultivars with low cadmium accumulation and soil factors that affect their

Lin WANG,Yingming XU,Yuebing SUN,Xuefeng LIANG,Dasong LIN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第6期   页码 877-887 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0676-7

摘要： The selection and use of low-Cd-accumulating cultivar (LCAC) has been proposed as one of the promising approaches in minimizing the entry of Cd in the human food chain. This study suggests a screening criterion of LCACs focusing on food safety. Pot culture and plot experiments were conducted to screen out LCACs from 35 pakchoi cultivars and to identify the crucial soil factors that affect Cd accumulation in LCACs. Results of the pot culture experiment showed that shoot Cd concentrations under the three Cd treatments significantly varied across cultivars. Two cultivars, Hualv 2 and Huajun 2, were identified as LCACs because their shoot Cd concentrations were lower than 0.2 mg·kg under low Cd treatment and high Cd exposure did not affect the biomass of their shoots. The plot experiment further confirmed the consistency and genotypic stability of the low-Cd-accumulating traits of the two LCACs under various soil conditions. Results also showed that soil phosphorus availability was the most important soil factor in the Cd accumulation of pakchoi, which related negatively not only to Cd uptake by root but also to Cd translocation from root to shoot. The total Cd accumulation and translocation rates were lower in the LCACs than in the high-Cd cultivar, suggesting that Cd accumulation in different cultivars is associated with the Cd uptake by root as well as translocation from root to shoot. This study proves the feasibility of the application of the LCAC strategy in pakchoi cultivation to cope with Cd contamination in agricultural soils.

关键词： pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)     cadmium contamination     low-cadmium-accumulating cultivar (LCAC)     genotype variation     soil factor     translocation    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Discovery of Fuling Shale Gas Field and its prospects

Xusheng GUO, Yuping LI, Jinlei LI, Minggang FENG, Hua DUAN

期刊论文

Genotype variations in accumulation of cadmium and lead in celery (

Kun ZHANG, Jianbing WANG, Zhongyi YANG, Guorong XIN, Jiangang YUAN, Junliang XIN, Charlie HUANG

期刊论文

Initiation and propagation laws of the glass cracks in specimens subjected to normal loading under the

WAN Zhen-ping, LIU Ya-jun, TANG Yong, YE Bang-yan

期刊论文

Comparison of growth and lipid accumulation properties of two oleaginous microalgae under different nutrient

Qiao ZHANG,Yu HONG

期刊论文

Erratum to: Meter-scale variation within a single transect demands attention to taxon accumulation curves

期刊论文

Meter-scale variation within a single transect demands attention to taxon accumulation curves in riverine

期刊论文

Experimental study of nitrite accumulation in pre-denitrification biological nitrogen removal process

WU Xuelei, CHEN Lunqiang, PENG Yongzhen, WANG Pu, WANG Yayi

期刊论文

Simultaneous denitrifying phosphorus accumulation in a sequencing batch reactor

YUAN Linjiang, HAN Wei, WANG Lei, YANG Yongzhe, WANG Zhiying

期刊论文

Comparisons in subcellular and biochemical behaviors of cadmium between low-Cd and high-Cd accumulation

Meng XUE, Yihui ZHOU, Zhongyi YANG, Biyun LIN, Jiangang YUAN, Shanshan WU

期刊论文

Heavy metal accumulation and phytostabilization potential of dominant plant species growing on manganese

YANG Shengxiang,LIANG Shichu,YI Langbo,XU Bibo,CAO Jianbing,GUO Yifeng,ZHOU Yu

期刊论文

网络时代的三大基本定律与骨干网容量的演进

韦乐平

期刊论文

Cadmium tolerance and accumulation in fifteen wetland plant species from cadmium-polluted water in constructed

Jianguo LIU,Wen ZHANG,Peng QU,Mingxin WANG

期刊论文

Cystine-assisted accumulation of gold nanoparticles on ZnO to construct a sensitive surface-enhanced

期刊论文

Zero E-waste: Regulatory impediments and blockchain imperatives

Mengjun Chen, Oladele A. Ogunseitan

期刊论文

Identification of pakchoi cultivars with low cadmium accumulation and soil factors that affect their

Lin WANG,Yingming XU,Yuebing SUN,Xuefeng LIANG,Dasong LIN

期刊论文